British and Allied Submarine
Operations in World War II
Vice Admiral Sir Arthur Hezlet KBE CB DSO* DSC

 

 

     
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NOTES FOR CHAPTER XXXIII

1. The type 291 was in the metric band and the Japanese were known to be fitted with search receivers that could pick it up.
2. Two American SJ radars and a few of the early British type 267.
3. A submarine Commanding Officer who failed to attack a promising target ‘because the risk was too great” more than once or twice, would have lost his command and be liable to action under the Articles of War “Every person subject to this Act, who, on signal of battle being
made, does not do his utmost to engage the enemy shall suffer death or such other.
4. All these figures are for “attacks” in which several torpedoes were normally fired and not for individual torpedoes.
5. Not all submarines had stern torpedo tubes. See Appendix I. There is no mention of the ninety degree angling facility which was available in most submarines at the outbreak of war. It was only used three times in 1940–1 and the angling gear was discontinued in wartime
built submarines.
6. This was probably because individual aiming required the periscope to be up for longer and so tended to be used at the longer ranges.
7. The tables in the report dealing with hits on large enemy warships do not agree with the known results of the attacks. The figures in the report have not therefore been followed and have been adjusted. The opportunity has been taken to extend them to the whole war from 1939–1945.

 

8. 1941–1945 figures as in the Hollerith Report.
9. Totted up in pencil on the back of an envelope.
10. No doubt the reader is by now bemused by these figures. A
successful attack on an Independent sinks or damages the ship. A successful attack on a convoy is so assessed if it hits and sinks or damages one ship while the others proceed on their way unscathed.
11. She fuelled at Exmouth Gulf on her way north.
12. She fuelled at Darwin both on her way out and way back.
13. A notable exception was in the Mediterranean during the landings in Sicily In 1943.
14. A number of offensive patrols in enemy waters were also placed in the hope of catching U-boats.
15. The number of Allied submarines that came under British operational control totals forty-nine. This includes the ten French submarines which operated in the North Sea before the collapse of France and the six Free French but not the eight Giraudist boats which joined after the Invasion of North Africa. It does not include some Netherlands submarines in the East Indies which were never under British operational control or boats such as the Norwegian B1 and the Yugoslav Nebojsca which were too old and scarcely ever put to sea.
16. Dutch and French built submarines include units of the Greek and Polish Navies and the totals are of those that served under British operational command.
17. U570, the Greek Matrozos, captured from the Italians, and the two Vickers designed boats built for Turkey.

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